A document is
considered a basic theoretical construct. It is everything which may be
preserved or represented in order to serve as evidence for some purpose. The
classical example provided by Suzanne Briet is an antelope: "An
antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a
document, she rules. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an
object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical
evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed,
scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents since the
antelope itself is the primary document.
Challenging early conventions:
the1960s
Direct Cinema in the US
(D.A. Pennebaker, The Maysles Brothers,
Fred Wiseman), aimed to present social
and political issues in a direct, unmediated way giving the
impression that events are recorded exactly as they happened without the involvement of the
filmmaker.
Cinéma Vérité (‘cinema
truth’, e.g. Jean Rouch): a
minimalist style of film making that conveys the sense that the viewer is given
direct view of what was
actually happening in front of the camera without
the artifice usually incorporated in the film-making process.
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